#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  int n;

  scanf("%d", &n);

  while (n--)
  {
    int k, o, sum;

    scanf("%d", &k);
    sum = 1;

    while (k--)
    {
      scanf("%d", &o);
      sum += o - 1;
    }

    printf("%d\n", sum);
  }

  return 0;
}